Philosophical roots--- motivators.

 
 “Push on” --- Under this form of motivation, you are essentially driven on by outside influences. More and more jobs today require a working knowledge of English, and in time, society may too, as more and more people integrate into an English-oriented network; a “bandwagon effect’’ takes over, creating a “come and join us!” effect. Finally, WTO entry and the insistent demands of globalization will pressure more people to learn English.
  “Pull up” ---Many people today want to improve their life, themselves, and earn more money; a better job can mean a better life. Others desire more knowledge, especially internet-located knowledge, as well as general and technical skills. In all these and more, English can help them to sustain their ambitions.
  “Get out” --- Today, nobody wants to “fall behind” in society. If you look at college graduates pursuing upward mobility, you see movement from village to city, city to capital, capital to overseas. Nobody wants a “dead-end” job. Whether it means leaving a stagnant work unit or breaking into a vibrant new company, English is seen as part of your ladder upwards.
   “Do better” --- Today, the competition is pitiless. Most people want to be better than another person. Every company wants to do better than their rivals. Nation now struggles with nation for prowess, even in “peaceable” activities like commerce. Every evening, some people look at themselves in the mirror and hope, ask themselves if they were better today than they were yesterday. English proficiency is one of many swords that people are buying and sharpening today.