按照过程发展

 
当你按照过程发展来展开段落，通常你会描述一件事情是如何来做的。例如，如何做面条，或者如何挤柠檬，或者如何写一封“感谢”信。你需要考虑的最重要的事情就是清晰性，因为如果你不把过程叙述清楚，读者就不会明白你要说什么。
 
一些过程不止五个环节。为了练习（段落写作），我们最好选择简单的过程，或者省略不太重要的过程。
 
你这里最先考虑的就是写出连贯一致的、容易懂的，由七个句子构成的简单的段落。下面我们来看过中国饺子的过程。
Development by:    Process. 
Written by:    SVW. 
Topic:    Making dumplings. 
Title:    “How to make dumplings.” 
Brainstorming:    Flour–water–oil–vegetables–lamb–onions–to chop–to roll–to cut–to knead–spices–to mix–to pinch–to stuff–to boil–water–10 minutes–add cold water–to shake / move about–“skins”–filling–chopsticks–salt–vinegar–red pepper–soy sauce. 
 
                                                                               
从上述动词和名字中，你能看出什么样的“模式”吗？看这些关键词，你可以看出：“饺子皮”—饺子馅—包饺子—煮饺子—端送饺子。
 
Plan outline:   
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     [TS]    
     [S1]    “Skins” (of the dumplings–jiao zi pi). 
     [S2]    Filling (of the dumplings). 
     [S3]    Stuffing. 
     [S4]    Boiling. 
     [S5]    Serving. 
     [CS]                                                                            
 
    
现在你需要写主题句和结论句。选择一个吸引读者的想法，说明段落的主要大意。
 
Plan outline:   
     [TS]    Easy–take time. 
     [S1]    “Skins” (of the dumplings–jiao zi pi). 
     [S2]    Filling (of the dumplings). 
     [S3]    Stuffing. 
     [S4]    Boiling. 
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     [S5]    Serving. 
     [CS]   Delicious–“social” food. 
 
 
    
这个构思现在展开为七个句子。请记住，对每一类型的句子来说，你必须从一开始就确定好句子的类型，仅仅增加从句是不能改变句型的。如果你分析以下的六个例子（每一例是一个句型），你会发现每个段落的句子结构本质是不一样的。
 
句型一: 
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     [TS]    Dumplings are easy but time-consuming to make. 
     [S1]    You must first make the “skins” of the dumplings from flour. 
     [S2]    The filling is made from meat or various vegetables. 
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     [S3]    Spoon the filling into the “skins”. 
     [S4]    Boil the dumplings in water. 
     [S5]    Serve them to your friends. 
     [CS]    The dumplings make delicious “social” food. 
 
句型二: 
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     [TS]    It is very easy to make dumplings, but the process is long and tedious. 
     [S1]    The “skins” are made from flour and water, which has been kneaded and rolled into flat and circular disks. 
     [S2]    The filling is made from meat or vegetables, which have been finely chopped. 
     [S3]    Place a small amount of stuffing onto each “skin”, taking care to fold over and pinch closed the edges. 
     [S4]    Put the uncooked dumplings into boiling water, and boil for ten minutes. 
     [S5]    When the dumplings are ready, serve them to your friends. 
     [CS]    Since they take so much time to prepare with one’s friends, dumplings are a good “social” food. 
 
句型三: 
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     [TS]    Even though dumplings are easy to make, they take a long time to prepare, so they are a good food to make with one’s friends. 
     [S1]    Mix flour and water together, knead the dough thoroughly, and then roll small “plugs” of dough into flat and circular “dumpling skins”. 
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     [S2]    To make the filling for the dumplings, finely chop meat or vegetables, and mix in spices and herbs to taste. 
     [S3]    Place a small spoonful of filling onto each dumpling skin, carefully fold over the skin, and “pinch” shut the edges of the moon-shaped dumplings. 
     [S4]    Boil up some water, put the dumplings into the water , and boil for ten minutes. 
     [S5]    After three additions of cold water, the boiled dumplings will be ready, and can be served to the dinner guests. 
     [CS]    Dumplings take a long time to prepare, so they are best made with one’s friends, making them the perfect “social” food for Spring Festival. 
 
句型四: 
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     [TS]    Dumplings are easy to make; they also take much time to prepare. 
     [S1]    The “skins” are made from kneaded dough; each “skin” is flat and round. 
 
     [S2]    Some people like chopped meat for the filling; others like vegetables. 
     [S3]    Stuffing the dumplings takes time; they must be assembled with care.  
 
     [S4]    Boil the dumplings in water for ten minutes; add a ladle-full of cold water to the pot of boiling water three times. 
     [S5]    The dumplings are ready; serve them at once to the guests. 
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     [CS]    Dumplings are the perfect “social” food; they keep talking friends together in a kitchen for a long time.  
 
句型五: 
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     [TS]    Dumplings are easy to make, and do not require much skill; they do take a lot of time to prepare, so they are best made with friends. 
     [S1]    Make the “skins” by mixing together flour and water, then by kneading the dough; roll the dough into a “rope” and cut off small “plugs”, and then roll out these “plugs” into flat and round “skins”. 
     [S2]    In order to make the filling for the dumplings, finely chop up meat or vegetables; when the filling is the right consistency, mix in various spices. 
     [S3]    Take a small spoon and place some filling onto each “skin”, then fold the edges together; pinch the edges carefully, and make the dumpling to look like a small half-moon. 
     [S4]    Put the dumplings into a pot of boiling water, and boil for ten minutes; add cold water to the pot three times, to allow the dumplings to “come to the boil” for three times. 
     [S5]    Take the dumplings out of the boiling water, and put them onto a plate; make certain they are “shaken” a few times, in order to stop them from sticking together. 
     [CS]    Many people think that dumplings are delicious, even though they take a long time to prepare and cook; this is why they are so popular during Spring Festival, as they provide an excuse for friends to spend long times together in the kitchen. 
 
 
句型六: 
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     [TS]    Dumplings are easy to make, as they have few ingredients, and the stages of production are not complex; on the other hand, it takes a long time to prepare a batch, as each well-formed dumpling demands care and attention. 
     [S1]    In order to make the dumpling “skins”, mix together flour and water into dough, and then knead this dough for five minutes; roll the dough into a “tube”, cut the tube into “plugs”, and then roll out the plugs into circular dumpling skins. 
     [S2]    The “filling” for the dumpling is usually made of meat or vegetables, which are carefully washed, and then trimmed or peeled; it is then chopped into a pulp with one or two
big knives, seasoned to the eater’s taste preference with salt and spices, and mixed into an even consistency. 
     [S3]    The dumplings must be stuffed one by one, and this is done by placing a small spoonful of filling onto each open “skin”, not too much or too little; the dumpling skin is
folded over, forming a “half-moon” shape, and the edges of the dough “skin” are carefully pinched together. 
     [S4]    Place the newly-formed dumplings into a large pot of boiling water, and boil for about ten minutes, or until the dumplings are both swollen or floating on the surface of the water; add a cup of cold water to the pot two times, so as the “bring the water to a boil” more than once, as this improves the final quality of the dumplings.  
     [S5]    Remove the cooked dumplings from the boiling water, put them onto a large platter, and serve with vinegar and other spices; remember to shake the platter every few
minutes, as this “jostling” prevents the hot dumpling skins from sticking together, and makes them easier to eat. 
     [CS]    Dumplings are a delicious food, and many people like to eat them, even if they take a long time to prepare; this perhaps explains why they are a popular “social” food, as making them brings many friends together around the kitchen table, making the long afternoons and evenings of “Spring Festival” a happy time. 
 
 
你没有必要这样写段落。以上只是向你展示如何用不同的句型写段落。当你写段落时，可以根据自己的喜好，运用不同的句型写段落。